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Philip Howell
Brigadier-General Philip Howell CMG (7 December 1877 - 7 October 1916) was a senior British Army staff officer during World War I. He was, successively, Brigadier-General, General Staff (BGGS) to the Cavalry Corps under General Allenby (1915), and then BGGS to X Corps under Lt. General Morland (1915). In October1915 he was posted as Chief of Staff (BGGS) to the British Salonika Army under Lt. General Mahon, before appointment as Chief of Staff (BGGS) and second-in-command to II Corps under Lt. General Jacob, forming part of General Gough's "Reserve Army" (Fifth Army) at the Battle of Somme in 1916. Howell was killed in action at Authuille by shrapnel on 7 October 1916, after making a personal reconnaissance of the front line near Thiepval during the later Somme offensives. Howell had been in action on the front line since the start of WWI, serving with the BEF, and commanding the 4th Queen's Own Hussars as Lt. Colonel through The Retreat from Mons, The Battle of Le Cateau, The Marne offensive, Hill 60, and the First Battle of Ypres. He was mentioned in dispatches six times, and made a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George(CMG) in 1915, for "meritorious service".
Philip Howell came from a military family, his father Lt. Colonel Horace Howell had served as commander of a Punjab Frontier Force regiment in India, Afghanistan, and Kashmir. After education in England (Lancing College) and passing out from Royal Military College, Sandhurst with honours, he joined the elite Queen's Own Corps of Guides ("Lumsden's Horse") as a subaltern in 1900. His abilities were recognised by Major General Douglas Haig, when Inspector-General of Cavalry, India. Haig made him his Brigade-Major at the young age of 25 for cavalry manoeuvres in India in 1903. This was the start of a lifelong friendship between Haig and Howell. Howell's interests were more extensive than soldiering, and he travelled extensively throughout the Balkan region, becoming a correspondent for'' The Times ''newspaper and an expert on the local politics of the Near East. This experience and a formidable intellect led to his becoming a senior instructor (professor) at the Staff College, Camberley. He had himself attended the Staff College at Quetta, in India in 1903/4.
It was expected, even amongst the highest military circles,〔 that had Howell not been killed in action in October 1916 whilst visiting front line trenches, he would have reached the highest command in the British Army. This was certainly the view of many of his contemporaries and peers. At the age of 37, he was fully gazetted as Brigadier-General in September 1915, and rather than holding "temporary" rank was the youngest fully promoted General in the British Army during WWI.〔 Of military significance, was his direct role in the strategic planning of the later conclusive actions of the Somme offensive; the successful battles of Thiepval Ridge and Ancre Heights. These used more sophisticated planned attacks using techniques such as synchronised barrages, the use of a limited number of tanks and proper briefing of field commanders. Lt. General Sir Claud Jacob, is quoted as saying that much of what his Corps (II Corps) achieved during the Somme was owed to Howell's efforts, and in fact he had left much of the daily command to Howell, who was a man of exceptional capability.〔
== Early life ==
Howell was born in England on 7 December 1877, the second son of Lt. Colonel Horace Howell, late the Punjab Frontier Force, and Ella Howell, from Shepshed, Leicestershire. Between the age of six and ten Howell, and his family, joined his father in India and Kashmir, living in places such as Kohat, Murree, and Dera Ismail Khan. He returned to England for schooling in 1887, at Miss Gilzean's school in Clifton, and for two years as a day-boy at Shrewsbury House Preparatory School, Surbiton (his paternal grandfather, John Howell lived in Surrey.) Following this he went to Lancing College from January 1891, joining the fourth form under R.D. Budworth and attended until December 1896. His mother had died prematurely from a long illness in August 1889. Shortly after, his father had retired to Brighton, after a long service in the Indian Army.
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